Direct speech and Indirect speech

NAMA                : REFASTY ADHIATIE HASNA

KELAS              : 1EA30

NPM                   : 17213356

“ B. INGGRIS DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH”

A.    DIRECT dan INDIRECT SPEECH (Kalimat Langsung dan Tak Langsung)

Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langsung dari si pembicara. Kalimat

tersebut tidak diubah atau ditambah.

Contoh :

-Erfin said, “I am so happy”.

-They said, “We have watched football game”.

Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang berasal dari kalimat langsung yang diceritakan

kembali dalam bentuk yang lain.

Contoh :

-Erfin said that he was so happy

-They said that they had watched football game.

B.     PRESENT dan PRESENT PERFECT

Jika Kata Kerja dalam induk kalimat bentuknya adalah PRESENT dan PRESENT PERFECT

atau adanya suatu keterangan yang umum pada induk kalimat, maka tidak ada

perubahan waktu dalam Kalimat tidak langsung.

Contoh :

-She asks me, “Are you sleepy?” She asks me wether I am sleepy

-He has told us, “I am hungry.” He told us that he is hungry

-She told me,“the sun rises in the east”.

She told me that the sun rises in the east

Tetapi apabila Kata Kerja dalam kalimat bentuknya selain dari PRESENT dan

PRESENT

PERFECT maka terjadi perubahan waktu pada Kalimat tidak langsung.

Contoh :

C.    Simple Present menjadi Simple Past

a. He told me, “I go to work everyday.”

b. He told me that he went to work everyday.

D.    Present Continuous menjadi Past Continuous

a. She told me, “I am playing music now”.

b. She told me that she was playing music then.

E.     Present Perfect menjadi Past Perfect

a. They told me. “We have bought a car”.

b. They told me that they had bought a car.

F.     Simple Past menjadi Past Perfect

a. He told me, “I went to Bandung yesterday”.

b. He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday.

G.    Simple Future menjadi Future Past

a. He told me, “I will go to university next year”.

b. He told me that he would go to university the following year.

H.    Future Past menjadi Future Past Perfect

a. She told me, “I should go there if I were you.”

b. She told me that she would have gone there if she had been me.

Perubahan-perubahan MODAL, PREPOSITION dan Keterangan waktu dari kalimat

langsung menjadi kalimat tak langsung. :

Shall – Should See – saw Will – would

Is – was May – might Has/have – had

Can –could are – were Here – there

This – that Now – then Ago – before, Dsb

I.       COMMAND (Perintah)

Command terdiri dari 2 jenis :

·         Positive Command

Dalam pola ini kalimat pengantar dinyatakan dengan kata kerja : tell, ask, advise, etc. Diikuti oleh to infinitive.

Kalimat pengantar :

He asked me to

He told me to + reporter words

He ordered to

contoh-contoh positive command :

Direct : The teacher said to me : “open your book”

Indirect : The teacher asked me to open my book

·         Negative Command

Kalimat pengantar :

He asked me

He told me not to + reporter words

He ordered me

Contoh-contoh negative command :

• Direct : Father asked me : “ Don’t go out”

Indirect : Father asked me no to go out

J.      QUESTION (Pertanyaan)

Bila pertanyaan langsung dalam bentuk YES dan NO answer maka IF atau WHETHER sebagai pendukung antara introductory phrase dan reported words.

Kalimat pengantar untuk pola ialah :

He asked me IF/WHETHER………

 Contoh-contoh :

Direct : we asked the man “Do you like coffe?”

Indirect : we asked the man if/whether he liked coffe

Direct : seisy asked Helen : “have you seen that film?”

Indirect : seisy asked Helen if/whether she had seen that fi

 Bila pertanyaan menggunakan kata-kata Tanya seperti : where, when, what, why, who,whose,how,etc. maka kata-kata tersebut berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara introductory pharse dan reported words, dengan pola sbb:

He asked me + Question Words+reported words(positive)

 Contoh :

Direct : we asked the man :’where do you live?”

Indirect : we asked the man where he lived

K.    REQUEST

1)      Direct              : He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”

Indirect          : He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil

2)      Direct              : George told him, “pay attention to what I say”.

3)      Indirect         : George told him to pay attention to what he said.