Phrase and Sentence

NAME            : REFASTY ADHIATIE HASNA

NPM               : 17213356

CLASS           : 4EA30

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2      

PHRASE

A phrase is a group of words that does not convey a complete thought. As phrases do not express a complete idea, they can’t stand alone. They can only be used as parts of sentences. It lacks a subject or a verb or in some cases both. Therefore, it cannot form a predicate. In the English language, there are five main kinds of phrases. They are,

1.      Noun Phrase: gives information about the noun

Examples: a cute baby, an old lady, many of the theories, a hot summer day, some teachers, etc.

2.      Verb Phrase: gives more meaning to the verb

Examples: She has been eating, was walking, had to be hospitalized, singing a song etc.

3.      Adjective Phrase: gives information about the adjective

Examples: very pretty, terribly long,  not very healthy, exquisite handmade

4.      Adverb Phrase: gives information about the adverb.

Examples: slowly and surely, formerly, beautifully, etc.

5.      Prepositional Phrase: gives information about a time, location or condition. A preposition always appears at the front of the phrase.

Examples: down the road, after a long time, beside the lake, on the table, etc.

 

SENTENCE

A sentence refers to a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A sentence necessarily contains a subject and a verb. There are four types of sentences. They are as follows, 

1.      Declarative Sentence

Declarative sentences state information and facts. A declarative sentence ends with a full stop. This article is mainly written in declarative sentences.

Example:  

The Child is sleeping on the floor.

Radium was discovered by Marie Curie.

The dog barks.                                

 

2.      Imperative Sentence

Imperative sentences issue commands or orders or they can express wishes or desires. These sentences can contain a single word, or they can be lengthier.

Example:      

Stop!

Be Silent!

Turn left and go straight.                                                                                                                       

3.      Interrogative Sentence

Interrogative sentences ask a question. They are easy to understand as they contain a question mark at the end. 

Example:  

Are you crazy?

Is it raining?

Did you go to school yesterday?                                                                                                                                          

4.      Exclamatory Sentence

Exclamatory sentences express emotions or excitement. They end with exclamation marks.

Example :

I won the first place!

It’s a surprise!                                             

Sentences can be further classified according to their structures. A sentence can have a single clause or several clauses. Sentence structures are classified according to these clauses.

Simple Sentence – contains one independent clause.

Complex Sentence – contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Compound Sentence – contains two or more independent clauses.

Compound-Complex Sentence – contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Difference Between Phrase and Sentence

Definition 

Phrase is a group of words that are arranged in a grammatical construction and acting as a unit in a sentence.

Sentence is a grammatical unit of one or more words that expresses an independent meaning.

Complete Thought

Phrase does not express a complete thought.

Sentence expresses a complete thought.

Subject and Predicate

Phrase does not contain both a subject and a predicate.

Sentence contains both subject and predicate.

Information

Phrase does not give complete information about the subject or the predicate.

Sentence gives complete information about the subject or the predicate.

Punctuation

Phrase does not begin with a capital letter or end in punctuation marks.

Sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.

PHRASE

1.      Meanwhile, better handling, distribution and storage of commodities are expected to tame their volatile prices.

2.      President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has also pledged to reduce the dwell time at major ports, such as the Tanjung Priok Port in Jakarta and Tanjung Perak Port in East Java, to three days maximum.

3.      Nationally, the average dwell time was 3.14 days in January, according to data from the Indonesia National Single Window (INSW).

4.      Edy attributed the existing issues to a lack of infrastructure, the absence of distribution centers, overlapping regulations and a lack of human resources.

5.      We don’t even have a (national) map of cargo transportation.

6.      Indonesian Logistics and Forwardersn Association (ALFI) chairman Yukki Nugrahawan Hanafi argued that while the government kept issuing policy packages, their implementation was not evaluated.

7.      The association recommended that the next policy package should thoroughly address the dwell time issue, instead of just focusing on quickly getting goods out of ports when the required paperwork is not even completed.

8.      At the same time, the government’s INSW which streamlines export-import procedures should also tackle backlogs in bulk cargo that still dominate the country’s exports.

9.      Logistics firm Angkasa Pura Logistik (APL), a subsidiary of state airport operator Angkasa Pura I, urged the government to as well have more harmonious regulations between ministries and agencies.

10.     Edy Putra Irawady, the deputy of trade and industry at the Office of the Coordinating Economic Minister, said that the focus of the package would be on improving the competitiveness of logistics players, the management of strategic commodities and the operations of logistics infrastructure, information and technology.

SENTENCE

1.      We want to lift the burden of regulations and cost.

2.      PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia that connect major cities to remote areas under the maritime highway program.

3.      President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has also pledged to reduce the dwell time at major ports, such as the Tanjung Priok Port in Jakarta and Tanjung Perak Port in East Java, to three days maximum.

4.      Edy attributed the existing issues to a lack of infrastructure, the absence of distribution centers, overlapping regulations and a lack of human resources.

5.      It (the government) also says that there are 3,800 regional regulations that hamper (logistics competitiveness), but what have they done about it ? he asked.

6.      The deputy of trade and industry at the Office of the Coordinating Economic Minister, said that the focus of the package would be on improving the competitiveness of logistics players, the management of strategic commodities and the operations of logistics infrastructure, information and technology.

7.      The price of chili, for instance, hit Rp 140,000 ($10.48) per kilogram recently, up from the previous Rp 50,000 perkg as supply decreased amid rising demand.

8.      The government hopes that the policy will eventually reduce the high logistics costs that are currently at 26 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), above several Southeast Asian peers where they figure is about 19 percent.

9.      Each year, (the discussion) is all about passenger transportation, he said.

10.  The policy package will also include the revision of logistics related non tax revenues (PNBP) and the reduction of the minimum capital needed to establish transportation businesses.